Some intercompany financial transactions, such as derivatives and factoring, cannot be priced in a reliable manner using comparable uncontrolled financial transactions. Arm’s-length derivative transactions, such as interest rate swaps, currency swaps, forward rate agreements and so on, and (receivables) factoring transactions are priced, in part, by determining the market price for credit risk exposure (in the case of derivatives the credit risk exposure can be to one or to both of the participating parties).